American Pilot Meets UFO An Incredible Encounter

英语冠词用法系列讲座(十三)不可数名词用冠词戴帽子吗？










不可数名词前冠词的用法：



13.1 物质名词前冠词的用法：



① 物质名词表示它的一般概念时，通常不加冠词，这时即使前面有一描绘性定语，也不必加冠词：



I buy two bags of rice. 我买了两袋米。



Water is a kind of matter. 水是一种物质。



This cart is made of wood. 这辆手推车是用木头做的。



Better let in fresh air. 最好让新鲜空气进来。



Don’t eat rotten food. 不要吃腐烂的食物。



② 不是表示物质名词的一般概念，而是表示该物质名词的特定含义，特别是当它有限制性定语时，常加定冠词：



How do you like the wine? 你觉得这酒怎么样？



The wood outside was all wet. 外面的那些木头都湿了。



Is the water in this river fit to drink? 这河里的水能喝吗？



③ 表示物质名词相应的产品或种类，或表示某一定量的概念时，可加不定冠词：



Copper is a metal. 铜是一种金属。



There was a light rain last night. 昨晚下了一场小雨。



I want a strawberry ice-cream. 我要一份草莓冰淇淋。



④ 有些物质名词前加不定冠词就成为个体名词：



Iron is a matal. 铁是一种金属。



She was pressing her blouse with an iron. 她正在用熨斗熨罩衫。



When the Earl reached the castle his legs were put in irons. 伯爵到了城堡，他的双脚就被套上镣铐。



⑤ 物质名词的复数形式可表示大量物质或不同种类，也可使词义转化表示抽象事物，可用零冠词，也可用定冠词或其他限定词或描绘性定语或限制性定语：



A great ship asks deep waters. 大船须在深水中航行。



The river rises after heavy rains. 河水在暴雨后上涨。



Three teas and two coffees. 请给我们三杯茶、两杯咖啡。



Here are the snows of last year. 这是去年的积雪。



It was the time of the spring rains. 那是春天雨季的时候。



We often used to play on the sands when we were young. 小时候我们常在沙滩上玩耍。



The wines of the Crimea are excellent. 克里米亚半岛的各种葡萄酒都很好喝。



They are not allowed to fish in our territorial waters. 不允许他们在我们的领海捕鱼。



⑥ 有些物质名词前用或不用冠词，用不定冠词或用定冠词，意义上差别很大，微信联系shengengjingdian给朋友们分享精彩，同时分享英语冠词经典，英语易混词辨析详解。



Glass breaks easily. 玻璃容易打破。



He can’t read without glasses. 他不戴眼镜看不了书。



He broke a glass. 他打破了一只玻璃杯。



13.2 抽象名词前冠词的用法：



① 抽象名词表示它的一般概念时，通常不加冠词，这时即使前面有描绘性定语，也不加冠词：



Time is money. 一寸光阴一寸金。



Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。



② 不是用于一般概念，而是表示一特定的内容，特别是有限制性定语修饰时，抽象名词前往往加定冠词：



What do you think of the work? 你觉得这工作怎样？



We enjoyed the beauty of nature. 我们欣赏大自然的美。



③ 某些抽象名词前可加不定冠词，赋予具体含义或是习惯用法：



Kindness is a virtue. 友善是一种美德。



Physics is a science. 物理学是一门科学。



④ 有些抽象名词前加不定冠词就成为个体名词：



beauty 美，a beauty 美人，美的东西



youth 青春，a youth 青年人



success 成功，success 成功的人或事。



⑤ 抽象名词的复数形式可表示抽象事物或不同种类，也可使词义转化表示比较具体的东西，可用零冠词，也可用定冠词或其他限定词或描绘性定语：



The surroundings are quiet. 这里环境安静。



Humility and charity are virtues. 谦逊和仁慈是美德。



I go out in all weathers. 无论什么样的天气，我都出去。



After many failures, I finally succeeded. 经过多次失败，我最后成功了。










冠词是英语中十分重要、意义色彩非常复杂的词，它的使用率很高，是英语中最常用的词。



传统语法将冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词两类，现代英语将冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词三类。



冠词是一种本身不能独立使用的虚词，一般放在名词前面，帮助说明这个名词的含义。



冠词的用法有其规律性，又有其习惯性。有时必须用不定冠词，有时必须用定冠词；有时既可用不定冠词也可用定冠词；有时不用或缺省冠词；有时用或不用冠词，用不定冠词或用定冠词，意义上又差别很大。



为了更好地掌握和使用冠词，我对冠词的用法进行了深入细致的学习和研究、归纳和总结，整理成册，与广大英语爱好者共同学习。需要者微信联系，文中物质名词⑥中，或评论留言。



《英语冠词》共十章，前五章讲基本知识，后五章讲深入内容，努力解决现有语法书含糊不清的地方，帮助深层次了解冠词的使用，解决冠词使用和考试中出现的疑难问题。



这是一本论述英语冠词的专著。讲述了不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词的用法以及冠词的省略和后置，详述了各类词语使用冠词的情形，阐述了泛指、类指、特指、独指的语言现象以及不定冠词与数词one的区别和定冠词与指示限定词的区别，解析了冠词使用中常见的错误。特别适合中学生学习英语冠词时使用，也可供英语爱好者以及专家学者遇到冠词使用的疑难问题时查阅。










《英语冠词》目 录



第一章 不定冠词的用法



第二章 定冠词的用法



第三章 零冠词的用法



第四章 冠词的省略



第五章 冠词的后置



第六章 各类词语使用冠词的情形



第七章 泛指、类指、特指、独指



第八章 不定冠词与数词one的区别



第九章 定冠词与指示限定词的区别



英语冠词用法系列讲座



英语冠词用法系列讲座（一）不定冠词的用法



英语冠词用法系列讲座（二）定冠词的用法



英语冠词用法系列讲座（三）零定冠词的用法



英语冠词用法系列讲座（四）冠词的省略



英语冠词用法系列讲座（五）冠词的后置



英语冠词用法系列讲座（六）泛指



英语冠词用法系列讲座（七）类指



英语冠词用法系列讲座（八）特指



英语冠词用法系列讲座（九）独指



英语冠词用法系列讲座（十）泛指、类指、特指的比较



英语冠词用法系列讲座（十一）不同冠词表示类指的比较



英语冠词用法系列讲座（十二）名词的帽子——冠



英语冠词用法系列讲座（十三）不可数名词用冠词戴帽子吗？



英语冠词用法系列讲座（十四，……）陆续发布










英语有很多容易混淆的词语。在英汉词典中有很多汉语释义雷同或相近的英语词汇，在很多情况下，由于语境、搭配、句型结构等不同，它们之间有的存在细微差异，有的存在很大差别；有些词义相同或相近的词汇在某些情况下可换用，但在另一些情况下却不能换用；这在许多同义词、近义词中都有类似情况，很容易误用和错用。在英语词汇中，有些单词相貌非常相似，但词义却不同，很容易张冠李戴。如果不了解同义词、近义词、近形词等易混词语的区别，尤其是这类词之间的细微差异和习惯用法，就掌握不到规范、地道的英语，在交际和写作中常令人匪夷所思，甚至闹出笑话，因此，熟悉和掌握易混词语的区别和用法是非常重要的。



为此，我学习和研究英语易混词20多年，辨析了560组常用的或疑难的易混词，Word排版，大32开，1128页，80万字，150万字符。为了与网友分享，又编辑了手机版。



以易混词语组为主干，列出一组易混词语，说明这组易混词语的共性和区别，逐词阐释词义及用法，并配有例句及汉语译文，以便系统地掌握一组易混词语的共同点和区别。每组词的解释和说明力求简明扼要、通俗易懂，且又尽量详尽；针对解释和说明，选择例句规范、地道、实用，具有时代特色，容易学习模仿，努力做到层次清楚、主次分明，使人见树又见林，知其然更能知其所以然。



例句涉及天文地理、自然科学、人文科学，学习英语易混词的同时，增加多方面的知识，有些例句包含人生哲理，催人奋进。



《英语易混词辨析》是我20多年对英语易混词学习和研究的总结。每句话都经过反复考究、反复推敲，有时为考究一句话的正误要花上几天甚至几十天，有的一组词的考证总结就用了几年功夫。



需要文档中任何内容或者全部文档者，文中物质名词⑥中微信联系，或评论留言，我将分享文档，互学共勉。



我决心深耕不辍，打造经典，与万千朋友共勉。非常欢迎广大朋友提供宝贵意见，凡被采纳的独创性见解，我将一一表示感谢！










《英语易混词辨析》目录



1. a, an



2. a[an], one



3. a[an], the



4. abandon, desert, discard, forsake, give up



5. abide, bear, endure, stand, suffer, tolerate, put up with, brook



6. ability, capability, capacity, competence, faculty, genius, talent, power, skill, aptitude



7. able, capable, competent, adequate, qualified



8. abnormal, irregular, unusual, eccentric, unnatural, exceptional, subnormal, aberrant



9. aboard, board



10. abolish, abrogate, annul, countermand, repeal, rescind, revoke, cancel, call off, do away with



11. about, approximately, around, roughly



12. about, around, round



13. about, of, on



14. above, beyond, over, more than



15. above, over, on



16. abroad, overseas



17. absolute, complete, entire, perfect, utter, total, thorough, full



18. absorb, digest, assimilate, suck



19. abstract, attract, contract, distract, extract, protract, retract, subtract, tractor



20. abstract, digest, outline, summary, resume, synopsis, gist



21. absurd, ridiculous, preposterous, ludicrous



22. accelerate, quicken, speed



23. accent, dialect, tone, pronunciation, intonation



24. accept, receive



25. accessory, appendix, attachment, supplement, affiliation



26. accompany, company, see, attend, escort, convoy



27. accomplish, achieve, complete, finish, fulfil(l)



28. accomplishment, achievement, exploit, feat, success



29. accord, agree, coincide, conform, correspond, square, tally



30. accord, agreement, convention, treaty, pact, compact, bargain, contract, understanding



31. according to, in accordance with, in accord with



32. accordingly, consequently, hence, therefore, thus, so



33. accumulate, amass, assemble, collect, gather, congregate, hoard



34. accurate, exact, precise



35. accuse, charge, denounce, blame, condemn, scold, rebuke, reproach, censure, chide, reprove, upbraid, impeach



36. achieve, acquire, obtain, gain, get, attain, earn, derive, secure, win, procure



37. achieve, attain, arrive, reach, gain, get, come to



38. acknowledge, admit, concede, confess, own, recognise, recognize, allow, grant



39. acquaintance, friend, intimate, familiar, confidant, confidante



40. act, action, behave, behavio(u)r, conduct, deed, manner, activity, style



41. actor, actress, performer, player, cast



42. actual, authentic, genuine, positive, practical, real, true, virtual



43. acute, keen, sharp



44. acute, urgent, imperative, critical, crucial, pressing, emergency



45. add, increase, gain, augment, multiply, broaden, widen, lengthen, enlarge



46. add, plus



47. additional, extra, supplementary



48. address, deliver, discourse, lecture, speak, talk, speech, declaim, orate



49. address, greet, hail, salute, welcome



50. adhere, glue, stick, cling, cohere



51. adopt, foster



52. adorn, decorate, ornament, embellish, bedeck, garnish



53. **, grown-up, mature, ripe, mellow



54. advance, forward, further, promote, expedite



55. advance, move on, proceed, progress, march



56. advanced, progressive, radical



57. advantage, benefit, profit, interest



58. adventure, venture, risk, hazard, chance



59. adverse, contrary, opposite, reverse, contradictory, converse, inverse



60. advice, proposal, proposition, recommendation, suggestion



61. advise, counsel, propose, recommend, suggest



62. advise, persuade, convince, counsel, recommend, urge, induce, coax



63. affair, business, concern, matter, thing



64. affect, effect



65. affect, influence, impress, impact, leverage



66. affection, emotion, feeling, passion, sentiment, sentimentality



67. affirm, allege, assert, claim, declare



68. afraid, fearful, dreadful, frightful, awful, awesome, horrible, horrid, horrific, terrible, terrific, frightened, frightening



69. after, behind



70. afterward(s), later



71. age, epoch, era, period, times, day, date



72. aged, elderly, old



73. ago, before



74. agony, anguish, misery, torment, torture, distress, grief, grieve, mourn, sadden, sadness, sorrow



75. agree, approve, consent, grant, subscribe, be for, accede, assent, concur



76. aid, assist, help



77. air, atmosphere, gas



78. alike, like, parallel, similar, same, identical, equal, comparable



79. alive, live, living



80. all, whole



81. alleviate, ease, lessen, lighten, relieve, abate, allay, assuage, mitigate, soothe, subside



82. allocate, assign, distribute, divide, allot, apportion



83. allow, permit



84. almost, nearly



85. alone, lonely, lone, lonesome, solitary, desolate, forlorn



86. aloud, loud, loudly



87. already, yet



88. also, as well, too, either



89. although, though



90. altogether, all together



91. always, forever, usually, often, frequently, repeatedly, sometimes, occasionally, seldom, hardly, rarely, never



92. among, between



93. amount, number



94. amplify, enlarge, expand, magnify



95. **ogy, likeness, resemblance, similarity



96. ancient, antique, antiquity



97. anger, indignation, fury, rage, outrage, wrath



98. angle, corner, horn



99. animal, beast, creature, brute



100. announce, declare, proclaim, pronounce, publish



101. annoy, bother, disturb, interfere, interrupt, irritate, trouble



102. another, other



103. answer, reply, respond



104. anxiety, care, concern, worry



105. anxious, eager, keen, hungry, thirsty, longing, yearning



106. any, some



107. anyhow, anyway



108. anyone, any one



109. apparent, clear, distinct, evident, manifest, obvious, plain, noticeable, visible



110. appear, arise, emerge, loom, pop, come out



111. appear, look, seem



112. appoint, designate, name, nominate



113. appreciate, enjoy



114. appropriate, fit, fitting, proper, suitable



115. area, district, region, section, zone, belt, quarter, part, ward, neighbo(u)rhood, locality



116. argue, dispute, debate, quarrel, row, reason, squabble



117. arise, rise



118. arms, weapon, armament, weaponry



119. army, troops, force, military



120. article, composition, theme, essay, prose, paper, editorial, thesis, dissertation



121. artificial, synthetic, man-made, fake, false, sham



122. as, like, alike



123. as good as, as well as



124. ashamed, shameful, shameless



125. ask, question, inquire, examine, interrogate, query, demand



126. asleep, sleep, sleeping, sleepy



127. aspire, desire, dying, hunger, long, pine, starve, thirst, yearn, pant, crave



128. associate, colleague, companion, company, fellow, mate, partner, comrade



129. association, society, club, league, union, alliance, federation, fellowship, community



130. assure, ensure, insure, guarantee



131. at, in, on



132. attach, band, bandage, bind, bunch, bundle, chain, fasten, hitch, rope, secure, strap, tape, tie, wrap



133. attempt, try, endeavo(u)r



134. attend, join, participate, take part in, be[go] in for, enter



135. attract, draw, appeal, charm, tempt, lure, allure, entice



136. audience, spectator, listeners, viewers



137. author, writer



138. avenge, revenge, retaliate



139. avenue, street, road, lane, way, expressway, freeway, motorway, highway, highroad, pavement, sidewalk, pedestrian crossing, zebra crossing, pedestrian crosswalk, alley, drive, driveway, parkway, path, footpath, footway, pathway, trace, track, trail, route, course, line



140. avoid, dodge, escape, flee, run away, miss, duck, elude, evade, shun



141. await, wait



142. award, reward, prize, bonus



143. awkward, clumsy, ungainly



144. baby, child, boy, girl, infant, kid, lad, lass, babe, toddler



145. bachelor, master, doctor



146. bad, ill, evil, wicked



147. baffle, bewilder, confuse, embarrass, puzzle, perplex, confound, disconcert, mystify



148. bake, roast, toast, grill, broil, barbecue



149. balance, equilibrate, equilibrium, poise



150. bald, bare, barren, naked, nude, stark



151. ban, forbid, prohibit



152. bank, beach, coast, shore, seaside



153. banner, flag, standard, pennant



154. bar, barricade, barrier, block, roadblock, handicap, hindrance, hurdle, impediment, obstacle, obstruction



155. bar, barricade, block, roadblock, deter, forestall, hamper, handicap, hinder, impede, inhibit, interfere, interrupt, obstruct, prevent, stop, keep, hold



156. barbarous, bloody, brutal, cruel, ferocious, fierce, inhuman, merciless, pitiless, ruthless, savage, vicious



157. base, basis, foundation



158. basic, elemental, elementary, essential, fundamental, primary, rudimentary



159. bath, bathe



160. bay, bight, cove, creek, fiord, fjord, gulf, inlet



161 be about to do, be going to (do)



162. beam, blaze, glare, glow, ray, shine, light, lighten, illuminate, kindle



163. bear, bore, born, borne, birth



164. beat, defeat, win, victory, conquer, overcome, prevail, triumph, vanquish



165. beautiful, pretty, handsome, good-looking



166. because, as, since, for



167. because of, due to, owing to, on account of, thanks to



168. beckon, gesture, motion, sign, signal



169. begin, start



170. believe, trust



171. beloved, favo(u)rite, popular



172. below, under, beneath, underneath



173. beside, besides



174. besides, apart from, aside from, else than, other than



175. besiege, encircle, enclose, envelop, fence, picket, surround



176. better, improve



177. big, large, great



178. bite, gnaw, nibble, chew, peck, lick, devour, swallow



179. bite, gnaw, snap, savage, nibble, peck, sting



180. blank, margin, empty, bare, hollow, vacant, free, void, vacuum



181. blast, blow, burst, explode, dynamite, erupt



182. blemish, flaw, defect, shortcoming, weakness, fault



183. blend, compound, mixture, composite, alloy



184. blend, mix, combine, mingle, merge



185. blink, flare, flash, flicker, glance, gleam, glimmer, glint, glisten, glitter, shimmer, spark, sparkle, twinkle, wink



186. blink, wink, twinkle



187. blush, flush, glow, crimson, redden



188. board, commission, committee, council, jury



189. boat, canoe, craft, dinghy, ferry, raft, yacht, sail, ship, liner, cruiser, vessel, tanker, barge, tug, steamer, sub



190. bold, brave, courage, dare, heroic



191. border, boundary, frontier, barrier, division, limit



192. border, brim, rim, brink, edge, fringe, margin, verge



193. borrow, lend, loan, use



194. both, either, neither



195. bowl, cup, glass, plate, saucer, dish, dishes, spoon, chopsticks, knife, fork



196. branch, bough, limb, twig, spray, shoot



197. brand, make, trademark, label, tag



198. break, burst, chip, crack, crash, crush, fracture, grind, shatter, **ash, snap, splinter, split



199. breed, foster, raise, rear, bring up



200. brief, short



201. bring, take, fetch, get



202. broad, wide



203. burden, load



204. business, commerce, trade, bargain, deal, traffic



205. busines**an, dealer, merchant, trader, trade**an, retailer, wholesaler



206. button, knob, switch, control, dial, wheel



207. buy, purchase



208. calculate, compute, count, figure, number, reckon, work out



209. calm, quiet, silent, still, placid, restful, serene, tranquil



210. campaign, crusade, drive, movement, motion



211. can, could, be able to



212. can, could, may, might



213. can, could, may, might, must



214. cane, staff, stick



215. cap, hat



216. careful, cautious, discreet, guarded, prudent, prudential, alert, vigilant, wary, watchful



217. carry, bear, hump, tote, haul, lug, cart, run, raft, fly, ship, convey, deliver, ferry, shuttle, hurry, transport



218. case, circumstance, condition, situation, state, status



219. catastrophe, calamity, disaster, plague, tragedy



220. catch, clutch, grasp, grip, seize, capture, clasp, grab, snatch, arrest, trap



221. cause, reason



222. caution, warn, forewarn, admonish



223. celebrate, congratulate, compliment



224. centre, core, focus, heart, hub, nucleus, middle



225. certain, sure



226. chance, occasion, opportunity, break



227. change, alter, convert, vary, transform, turn, adapt, modify, adjust, accommodate



228. channel, strait



229. character, individuality, personality, nature



230. charter, hire, lease, let, rent, tenant



231. chase, catch, pursue, hunt, be[run, go, get, seek] after



232. check, examine, inspect, test, verify, go over, go through, look over, look through



233. chief, main, major, primary, prime, principal, capital, central, key, leading



234. choice, pick, alternative, option, election, selection, vote, preference



235. choose, pick, select, prefer, elect, vote, opt



236. circle, circuit, encircle, orbit, revolve, rotate, swivel, wheel, crank, pivot, spin, whirl, twirl, twist, swirl, turn, roll, round



237. cite, quote



238. class, course, lesson



239. clay, earth, ground, mud, soil, land



240. clever, wise, **art, bright, brilliant, gifted, ingenious, intellectual, intelligent, sagacious, shrewd, apt, cute



241. climate, weather



242. climb, crawl, creep, ascend, mount, scale, scramble



243. close, conclude, end, finish, terminate



244. close, shut



245. clothe, dress, wear, put on, have on, be in



246. clothes, clothing, coat, dress, suit



247. coarse, crude, rude, rough, harsh, vulgar



248. cold, bleak, chill, chilly, cool, warm, warmth, heat, hot



249. column, file, queue, rank, row, line, range, procession



250. come, go



251. comfort, console, relieve, solace, soothe, appease, placate, pacify



252. comfort, ease



253. command, direct, instruct, order, bid, dictate



254. common, general, universal, normal, ordinary, usual, average, commonplace



255. compare, contrast



256. compel, constrain, enforce, force, impel, impose, oblige



257. complex, complicated, intricate, involved



258. component, constituent, element, ingredient



259. compose, comprise, consist of, constitute, form, make



260. comprehensible, comprehensive



261. concentrate, focus



262. concept, conception, notion, idea, outlook, opinion, thinking, thought, judgement, view, viewpoint



263. concern, concerned, concerning



264. conduct, direct, guide, lead, navigate, pilot, steer, usher



265. confine, limit, restrict



266. connect, join, joint, link, combine, couple, associate, unite, unify



267. consequence, effect, result, outcome, upshot, finding, fruit



268. consequence, importance, significance, value, magnitude



269. consign, despatch, dispatch, express, forward, freight, mail, email, post, send



270. conspire, plot, scheme



271. contain, include, involve, comprise, cover, embrace



272. content, fulfil(l), gratify, meet, please, satisfy



273. continual, continuous, consecutive, successive, constant, persistent, perpetual straight, ceaseless, incessant, nonstop, uninterrupted



274. continually, continuously



275. continuance, continuation, continuity



276. continue, carry, go on, move on, proceed, resume, persist, endure, hold, keep, last



277. continue, keep, lie, remain, rest, sit, stand, stay, hold, last



278. contribute, dedicate, devote, donate



279. cook, cooker



280. cope, deal, dispose, handle, manage, treat



281. cordial, earnest, genuine, hearty, sincere



282. corridor, passage, aisle, hall, porch, veranda(h), gallery, catwalk, walkway



283. cost, expend, spend, take



284. costly, dear, expensive



285. country, countryside, village



286. country, nation, state



287. couple, pair



288. crazy, frantic, insane, mad, nuts



289. create, invent, discover, find



290. crime, evil, guilt, offence, offense, sin, vice, violation, misdeed, wrongdoing



291. criminal, evil, guilty, sinful, wicked



292. crop, harvest, reap, yield



293. cross, across, over



294. crowd, throng, squash, lot, mob, rabble, horde, band, parcel, gang, drove, flock, herd, pack, school, shoal, swarm, company, party, group, colony, multitude, cloud, host, troop, cluster, crop, crush, wave



295. cry, wail, blubber, bawl, howl, weep, snivel, sob, whimper, whine, tear



296. cure, heal, mend, remedy, treat, doctor, medicate



297. custom, habit, manner, convention, practice, tradition, use, usage, way



298. customary, accustomed, conventional, habitual, traditional, usual, used



299. customer, client, patron, guest, passenger, consumer, buyer, purchaser, shopper



300. damage, harm, hurt, impair, injure, wound, disable, cripple, paralys[z]e, mar, spoil, bruise, burn, cut, scratch, maim, pull, tear, strain, sprain, twist, wrench



301. damp, dank, humid, moist, muggy, wet



302. danger, hazard, peril, risk



303. dangerous, hazardous, perilous, precarious, risky, unsafe



304. dark, black, dim, dusky, gloomy, obscure



305. deceive, cheat, trick, defraud, swindle, fool, con, fleece, impose



306. decide, determine, resolve, settle, make up one’s mind



307. decline, decrease, diminish, dwindle, lessen, reduce



308. decline, descend, fall, drip, drop, sink, subside, degrade, fail



309. deep, deeply



310. deep, profound



311. defend, guard, preserve, protect, safeguard, ensure, secure, shield



312. defer, delay, postpone, prolong, protract, put off, retard, suspend



313. delicate, faint, feeble, fragile, frail, impotent, infirm, limp, soft, weak



314. depend, rely, bank, count, reckon, rest, trust



315. deprive, dispossess, divest, rob, strip



316. deride, gibe, jibe, jeer, laugh at, mock, rag, ridicule, scoff, scorn, sneer, taunt, tease



317. desirable, desirous



318. desk, table



319. despite, in spite of, notwithstanding, for all, with all



320. destroy, damage, demolish, devastate, raze, ruin, wreck



321. die, death, dead, deadly, deathly, dying



322. die, drown, execute, hang, kill, poison, strangle, starve



323. die, expire, pass, perish, decease



324. differ, disagree, disapprove, dissent, divide, object, oppose



325. different, various, diverse, distinct, distinctive



326. differentiate, discriminate, distinguish, tell



327. difficult, hard



328. digit, figure, number, numeral



329. disability, inability



330. disable, enable, unable



331. disappear, fade, vanish, merge, lift, swallow



332. disclose, expose, reveal, uncover



333. disease, illness, sickness, complaint, disorder, trouble, ailment, malady, malaise



334. dispatch, hasten, hurry, rush



335. dispel, disperse, dissipate, scatter



336. display, exhibit, expose, show



337. disposition, temper, temperament



338. distant, far, remote



339. divide, divorce, part, insulate, isolate, segregate, separate



340. do, make



341. doctor, physician, surgeon, dentist, psychiatrist, resident, practitioner, GP



342. door, gate, exit, gateway



343. doubt, suspect, question, distrust, mistrust



344. drag, draw, haul, jerk, lug, pull, stretch, tow, tug, trail



345. dread, fear, fright, horror, panic, scare, startle, terror, alarm



346. drift, float



347. drill, exercise, practice, train



348. drink, have, gulp, lick, sip, slurp, suck, swallow



349. drive, ride, fly, sail, motor



350. duty, obligation, responsibility, liability



351. each, every



352. each other, one another



353. earnest, grave, serious, sober, solemn



354. eat, dine, have, take, help yourself



355. economic, economical, economically, economics, economy, financial, financially, finance, fiscal



356. educate, instruct, teach, school, train, coach, tutor



357. effective, effectual, efficacious, efficient



358. effort, endeavo(u)r, exert, pains, struggle, strain, strive, take … trouble



359. elder, eldest; older, oldest



360. electric, electrical, electronic



361. elegant, graceful



362. elongate, extend, lengthen, stretch, prolong, protract



363. else, other



364. embrace, hug, clasp, cradle, press, squeeze, cuddle, clinch



365. emphasis[z]e, stress, underline, underscore, accent, accentuate, highlight



366. employ, engage, hire



367. encounter, meet



enough, sufficient, adequate, 368. ample, plentiful



369. environment, surroundings, circumstance, conditions



370. especially, particularly, specially



371. esteem, hono(u)r, regard, respect, revere, reverence, adore, worship, admire, homage



372. event, accident, incident, occurrence, casualty, mishap, happening



373. eventual, eventually; final, finale, finally; last, lastly, at last; ultimate, ultimately; at length, in the end



374. everybody, everyone, every one



375. examination, quiz, test, final, oral, makeup



376. example, instance, case, illustration



377. example, model, pattern



378. exceed, excel, surpass, transcend, outdo, outstrip



379. except, but, excluding, bar, beyond, outside, save, unless, short of, next to, no counting, otherwise



380. excuse, forgive, pardon, overlook



381. exhausted, exhausting, exhaustive



382. exist, live, survive



383. expand, swell, dilate, distend, inflate



384. expert, specialist, authority, guru, pundit



385. extend, spread, stretch



386. exterior, external, outer, outside, outward



387. fade, wilt, wither



388. fair, fairly



389. fairly, quite, rather, pretty, very



390. fame, glory, hono(u)r, name, prestige, renown, reputation, repute, stature



391. family, home, house, household



392. farther, further; farthest, furthest



393. fast, quick, rapid, swift, prompt, speedy, express, hasty



394. fee, charge, cost, expense, fare, freight, toll, tip, expenditure



395. few, a few, little, a little



396. fighter, soldier, warrior



397. film, movie, picture, cinema



398. find, look, search, seek, hunt, comb, rake, rummage



399. fine, good, nice, well



400. fire, burn, blaze, flame, flare, light, ignite, kindle



401. fit, suit, match



402. fittings, fixture, furniture



403. flesh, meat



404. flower, bloom, blossom



405. fluid, liquid, gas, solid



406. fog, mist, haze, **og



407. follow, trace, track, trail, tail, shadow, stalk



408. foolish, silly, stupid, dull, fatuous



409. force, power, strength, energy, might, vigour



410. forceful, forcible



411. forecast, foresee, foresight, foretell, forewarn, predict, prophecy, prophesy



412. foregoing, former, preceding, previous, prior



413. forest, jungle, bushes, shrubbery, wood(s), grove



414. forget, leave



415. form, shape, figure, outline, profile



416. game, match, race, quiz, final, rival, compete, contend, contest, dispute, scramble



417. gift, present



418. give, accord, award, confer, grant, present, entitle, bestow, vouchsafe



419. glad, happy, pleasant, nice, cheerful, agreeable, delightful, jolly, joyful, joyous, merry, gay



420. good-bye, bye, bye-bye, so long, farewell



421. grand, magnificent, splendid, superb, glorious, gorgeous, spectacular, imposing, majestic, sublime



422. grow, plant, cultivate, crop, seed, sow



423. happen, occur, chance, break out, take place, befall



424. harbo(u)r, port, seaport, dock, pier, jetty, quay, wharf



425. hard, harsh, rigid, rigorous, severe, stern, strict



426. hardly, scarcely, barely



427. heading, headline, title, theme, subject, topic



428. heap, pile, stack, mass, bank



429. hear, listen



430. height, altitude, elevation, stature



431. hide, conceal, bury, cache, cloak, cover, disguise, harbo(u)r, mask, screen, shelter, suppress, veil



432. high, tall, lofty



433. hint, imply, indicate, intimate, suggest, allude, insinuate



434. holiday, vacation, leave, festival, furlough



435. hope, want, wish



436. hunger, hungry, starve, starvation, famine, famish



437. identify, recognise, recognize, make out, pick out, place, know, spot, tell



438. idle, lazy, indolent



439. ill, sick



440. imaginable, imaginary, imaginative



441. important, significant, vital, momentous



442. in addition to, as well as, on top of, over and above, among other things, more than, along with



443. income, pay, salary, wage



444. individual, personal, private, intimate, privy



445. information, info, intelligence, message, news, tidings, word



446. insist, persevere, persist, adhere, cling, assert, stay, maintain, hang, hold, keep, stick, endure



447. intend, mean, plan, be going to, be thinking of



448. invaluable, priceless, precious, valuable, valued



449. investigate, enquire, inquire, probe, survey



450. jest, joke, banter, kid, tease, quip



451. job, task, duty, chore, labour, toil, work



452. jump, leap, bound, bounce, hop, skip, spring, clear, gambol, hurdle, vault



453. kind, sort, type, category, class, classification, breed, species, variety



454. lack, absent, absence, deficient, deficiency, scarce, scarcity, short, shortage, want, need



455. landscape, outlook, panorama, perspective, prospect, scene, scenery, sight, spectacle, view



456. late, later, latter, latest, last, lately, latterly, lastly



457. lately, recently, not long ago, soon



458. laugh, chortle, guffaw, roar, mirth, chuckle, giggle, simper, **irk, snicker, snigger, titter, grin, beam, **ile



459. lawsuit, suit, proceed, action, case, cause, litigate, sue, prosecute, indict, appeal



460. lay, lie



461. lay, place, put, set



462. learn, study



463. lie, falsehood, fib, story



464. lift, raise, elevate, hoist, heave



465. list, schedule, timetable, table, form



466. little, **all



467. locality, location, place, position, site, situation, spot, scene



468. look, see, watch



469. love, lover, lovely, loving, lovable



470. luck, chance, break, lot, fortune, fate, destiny, doom



471. machine, machinery



472. many, a (large[good, great]) number of, a (great, large) multitude (of), a good few (of)



473. map, atlas, chart, plot, design, blueprint, draft, sketch, plan, diagram, graph, illustration, figure, artwork



474. mark, tick, check, sign, symbol, character, brand



475. material, matter, substance, stuff



476. medicine, drug, specific, remedy, cure



477. meeting, conference, convention, assembly, rally, congress, council, session, summit, gathering, caucus



478. memoris[z]e, recall, recollect, remember, remind



479. mend, patch, repair, fix



480. method, means, way, manner, approach, process, mode, system, fashion



481. mighty, powerful



482. migrate, migrant, migration; emigrate, emigrant, emigration; immigrate, immigrant, immigration



483. mission, task, assignment



484. mistake, blunder, fault, error, slip, wrong



485. moment, instant, minute, second, flash



486. more, most, a lot (of), a large[good, great, huge, vast] quantity (of), plenty (of), a (great, huge) mass of



487. move, remove, shift, transfer



488. much, a large[great, huge] amount of, a good[great] deal (of), a fair[good, nice] bit (of)



489. much, very



490. name, title



491. neighbo(u)rhood, vicinity, proximity



492. nervous, tense, stressful



493. no, not



494. object, objective, purpose, aim, end, goal, target



495. offer, proffer, provide, supply, afford, accommodate, equip, furnish, tender, volunteer



496. only, sole, single, unique



497. origin, root, source, spring, beginning, birth, cause



498. ought to, should



499. pain, ache



500. pass, past



501. peak, summit, top, climax, zenith



502. percent, per cent, percentage



503. phylum, class, order, family, genus, species



504. picture, painting, drawing, outline, sketch, portrait, landscape, caricature, cartoon



505. plan, design, blueprint, program(me), project



506. poem, poetry, verse, stanza, epic, lyric, doggerel, jingle



507. possible, likely, probable



508. possibly, perhaps, maybe, likely, probably



509. press, compress, depress, express, impress, oppress, repress, suppress



510. price, charge, cost



511. problem, question



512. proportion, rate, ratio, scale



513. quality, quantity, mass, weight



514. quiver, shiver, tremble, thrill, vibrate, shake, shudder, convulse, quake, quaver, tremor



515. rare, scarce, at a premium



516. react, reaction; respond, response



517. refuse, reject, decline, deny, repel, repulse, rebuff



518. relate, relation, relationship, relative, relativity



519. rescue, save, deliver, redeem



520. respectable, respected, respectful



521. respecting, respective



522. responsible, responsive



523. school, university, college, academy, institute



524. seat, sit



525. sensible, sensitive



526. shall, should, will, would



527. shout, bawl, cry, call, exclaim, holler, yell, scream, shriek, screech, squall, squeal, squeak, wail, bark, bay, growl, howl, snarl, whine, yap, yelp, yip, bellow, roar, thunder



528. slow, slowly



529. **ell, taste, odo(u)r, fragrance, perfume, scent, incense, stink, whiff, aroma, flavo(u)r, savo(u)r, tang



530. some time, some times, sometime, sometimes



531. sound, noise, voice



532. soundless, noiseless, voiceless



533. speed, velocity, rate, pace, tempo, gallop



534. stop, cease, halt, pause, quit



535. storm, tempest, hurricane, typhoon, gale, cyclone, tornado, waterspout, twister, whirlwind, blizzard



536. story, legend, tale, romance, narrative, narration, anecdote, fable, folklore, myth, fiction, novel, saga



537. surprise, wonder



538. symbol, attribute, badge, token, emblem



539. technical, technological



540. technique, technology



541. thank, appreciate, oblige



542. thin, lean, slender, slight, slim, spare, lanky, gaunt, scrawny, bony, skinny



543. think, believe, consider, count, deem, reckon, regard



544. throw, cast, heave, fling, hurl, pitch, toss



545. till, until



546. tired, tiring, tiresome



547. tired, weary, fatigued, exhausted



548. traffic, transport, transportation, conveyance, vehicle



549. tran**it, carry, convey, conduct



550. travel, journey, tour, trip, voyage, cruise, excursion, jaunt, junket



551. used to, would; be used to, be accustomed to



552. valuable, invaluable; precious, priceless



553. value, worth



554. variable, varied, various, variance, variant, variation, variety



555. visit, call, drop, see, look, come, stop



556. wake, waken, awake, awaken, arouse, rouse



557. walk, pace, step, stride, stroll, strut, plod



558. war, campaign, battle, combat, conflict, fight, warfare



559. -ward, -wards



560. worth, worthwhile, worthy, deserve, merit